Practical test methods and techniques are presented for measuring the electrical characteristics of grounding systems. Associate professor, electrical and computer engineering, university of missourirolla. Preface the handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. A hard drawn bare copper wire is also used as an earthing lead. The geography of the site is considered since the soil resistivity could alter the impedance of the grounding system. Pdf grounding systems are very important for the safe construction of a substation or a simple building. Calculationofimportantdesignparametersforgroundingsystemsinsu. Groundingandbonding nationalelectricalcode article250 by. It reflects the experience and sound judgment of a working group made up of engineers active in the design and operation of electrical. In this method, all earth conductors connected to a common one or more connecting points and then, earthing lead is used to connect earth electrode earth plat to the connecting point. The fact that a solidlygrounded system will support a large ground fault current is an important characteristic of this type of system grounding and does affect the system design.
This calculation is based primarily on the guidelines provided by ieee std 80 2000, guide for safety in ac substation grounding. Easypower is partnering with the industryleading grounding and emi analysis expert company, sint ingegneria, which offers a software package to analyze and design grounding, lightning and electromagnetic interference problems by focusing on its powerful and yet affordable grounding analysis software packages, xgslab. Overview of method for reducing grounding resistance of. The purpose of this paper is to bring a brief compilation of grounding system calculation using the methodology of ieee 802000 standard and simulated by means of.
The treatment throughout the handbook is practical with very little emphasis on theory. Pdf design of charts for ground resistance calculations of. Pdf substation grounding system resistance calculations using a. Substation grounding system resistance calculations using a fem approach. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf.
Here the focus is on classification of grounding systems with respect to the operating voltage of the system. Ieee1421991 is nearly twice the size of its predecessor. Current distribution in extended grounding systems 10. Home download center electrical engineering books and technical guides power substation guides guide to grounding systems design considerations the general purpose of earthing system is to protect life and property in the event of 5060 hz faults shortcircuit and transient phenomena lightning, switching operations. Download mcgraw hill s nec 2014 grounding and earthing handbook or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Grounding design calculations part four electrical knowhow. Using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for grounding license key is. Eduardo obtained a bsee with power system emphasis from. The system may be used for virtually any application where the protection of machinery, electronics, and personnel is important. Ieee guide for measuring earth resistivity, ground impedance. Sakis meliopoulos slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Fortunately, ieee142 is a solid foundation on which to build your grounding system. Packed with actual examples, useful tables and illustrations, it explains the engineering principles behind equipment and line grounds which are costeffective and improve system. Each system earthing arrangement can be applied to an entire lv electrical installation.
Mcgraw hill s nec 2014 grounding and earthing handbook. The test methods and techniques used to measure the electrical characteristics of the grounding system include the following topics. Topics addressed include safety considerations, measuring earth resistivity, measuring the power system frequency resistance or impedance of the ground system to remote earth, measuring the transient or surge impedance of the ground system to. Statistically, 9095% of all system shortcircuits are ground faults so this is an important topic. Grounding is a set of simple strategies to detach from emotional pain for example, drug cravings, selfharm impulses, anger, sadness. About grounding system the resource is currently listed in in 2 categories.
Early chapters serve as an orientation to the what and why of grounding, including explanations of the electrical theory and terminology used in article 250 of the nec. Article 250 grounding and bonding mike holt enterprises. Software tool for grounding system design request pdf. Effective design in substation grounding should have low ground resistance with tolerable step and touch voltage limit 23. Jan 25, 2017 the cdegs software package current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding and soil structure analysis is a powerful set of integrated engineering software tools designed to accurately. However, several arrangements can jointly exist in the same installation. This recommended practice has served electrical engineers seeking electrical system grounding information since the first edition in 1956. To download your copy of excel spreadsheet for grounding system design calculations of domestic,commercial and industrial premises, please click on the link. Pay careful attention to the definitions that apply to grounding and bonding both here and in article 100 as you begin the study of this important article. Subsequent chapters of the book permit readers to explore individual conductors used in the grounding system in detail, starting with the grounding electrode. The system may be used for virtually any application where the protection of machinery, electronics, and personnel is. The cdegs software package current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding and soil structure analysis is a powerful set of integrated engineering software tools designed to accurately. Grounding by rods incase of nonuniform soil could be more efficient than any other grounding system or it helps in reducing the ground resistance of other. In fact, the electrolytic ion grounding system can be used for improving the soil resistivity on the periphery of the grounding system.
The size, shape, and position of any ground electrode can be altered using the mouse or by numeric entry. Ieee std 1422007 revision of ieee std 1421991 ieee. List all data that must be known in the starting of grounding system design calculations for ac substation, facilitate the design process by using the auto excel mathematical functions in performing the calculations, provide a professional design concept for any grounding system of ac substation as per standard ieee 802000. Without standards, you are unlikely to achieve a good grounding scheme. Distraction works by focusing outward on the external worldrather than inward toward the self. Easypower is partnering with the industryleading grounding and emi analysis expert company, sint ingegneria, which offers a software package to analyze and design grounding, lightning and electromagnetic interference problems by focusing on its powerful and yet affordable grounding analysis software packages, xgslab easypower is the exclusive representative. Grounding also allows protective devices to operate during a fault condition the basic theory behind grounding is to keep the.
Metal frame of the building or structure where the following methods are used to make an earth connection. D static power converter for devices such as rectifiers and inverters, the system grounding is determined by the grounding of the output stage of the converter. C transformer the system grounding on the system fed by the transformer is determined by the transformer secondary winding configuration. Grounding can be done any time, any place, anywhere and no one has to know. Ieee guide for safety in ac substation grounding ieee std. Some of the factors that are considered in a groundmat study are the following.
This link is listed in our web site directory since monday dec 30 2002, and till today grounding system has been followed for a total of 12877 times. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The earthing system provides a reference potential for electronic circuits and helps reduce electrical noise for electronic, instrumentation and communication systems. Cdegs grounding power systems tutorialpart 1 introduction. Green insulated copper conductor, minimum as specified in the table below, size 6 awg. Guidelines to properly designed substation grounding. The grounding impedance calculation of large steel. Design parameters of electrical network grounding systems. To increase the safety factor of installation, two copper wires are used as earthing lead to. Aug 23, 2016 power system grounding and transients. The cymgrd software is a substation grounding grid design and analysis program specially developed to help engineers optimize the design of new grids and reinforce existing grids, of any shape, by virtue of easy to use, builtin danger point evaluation facilities. This book is a revision of ieee std 1421991, the ieee green book. Online calculator for calculating earthing system this online calculator will help you to quickly and accurately perform the calculation parameters of the grounding system in the twolayer soil, consisting of vertical earthing.
Ieee guide for safety in ac substation grounding ieee std 802000. Special cases of system grounding are also addressed for generators. The handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. The earthing system is designed so that the allowable touch and step voltages. If a larger area needs to be improved, the soil replacement method had better be adopted. Classification of grounding systems fig 6 could be evasive. At the neutral point of the system, the vectorial sum of the nominal voltages from all other phases within the system that utilize the neutral, with. Equipment grounding and system grounding requirements read about how enphase systems meet grounding requirements listed in nec 690. The grounding system geometric data are edited via the ground editor, which displays the grounding system as a scaled drawing, either in top, side, or perspective views. Packed with actual examples, useful tables and illustrations, it explains the engineering principles. The differences arise from the specific requirements of the manufacturing or process operations. Grounding standard 802000 with respect to the 1986 version standard 801986, which affect the grounding design and analysis. You can also think of it as distraction, centering, a safe place, looking. The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject.
The objectives of this thesis may be summarized as follows. Grounding download notice top 4 download periodically updates software information of grounding full versions from the publishers, but some information may be slightly outofdate. Grounding considerations for improved measurements overview learn how grounding can determine how a measurement system should be connected for the most accurate measurements. To connect the metallic conductive parts of an electric appliance or installations to.
System grounding and earthing types analysis software etap. Grounding electrode system and grounding electrode conductor part iii znec 250. Electrical earthing, grounding, methods of earthing, types of earthing, components of earthing and its specifications in respect to electrical earthing for electrical installations. Grounding is one of the means of safeguarding employees and the public from injury other means include, but are not limited to, guarding, adequate clearance above ground, proper burial depth, etc. Home download center electrical engineering books and technical guides power substation guides guidelines to properly designed substation grounding system soil resistivity measurements before the design of the grounding system begins, soil resistivity measurements need to be taken at the substation. Click download or read online button to get mcgraw hill s nec 2014 grounding and earthing handbook book now. Calculationofimportantdesignparametersforgroundingsystemsi. Loadflow analysis in power systemsgalli, anthony w. Specific resistance is calculated on the basis of measured values of soil resistivity.
Grounding software free download grounding top 4 download. Specification standard grounding and bonding 27 05 26 the university of new mexico 802 yale blvd. Groundingandbonding nationalelectricalcode article250 byjim. To download your copy of excel spreadsheet for grounding system design calculations of ac substation, please click on the link. Grounding puts healthy distance between you and these negative feelings. Principles of electrical grounding john pfeiffer, p. Measurement of lowimpedance grounding systems by power system staged faults 10. The main category is grounding systems and techniques that is about grounding systems and techniques. Examples have been presented to show the effects of the changes on the design and analysis of power system grounding. The resulting earthing types are displayed both on the one line diagram and for the various connected cables. Article topics include grounded signal sources, floating signal sources, differential measurements, singleended. Guidelines to properly designed substation grounding system eep. Comparisons are made for the portions in the two versions of the guide where major changes occur.
Other engineering books cover system grounding, but grounding manual is the most practical study of grounding specifically for electric distributors weve ever seen. This is a discussion of the basic principles behind grounding systems and how grounding is related to safety and the effective operation of circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers. Design of grounding grid according to ieee standards. Also, calculation procedure of potential distribution of the complex grounding system, grounding system resistance, distribution of touch and step voltage by using a computer are presented. Browse companies that make grounding and bonding for electrical systems and view and download their free cad details, revit bim files, specifications and other content relating to grounding and bonding for electrical systems as well as other product information formated for the architectural community. Design and analysis of substation grounding grid with and. Grounding design calculations part seventeen electrical.
Guide to grounding systems electrical engineering portal. Practical guide to electrical grounding systems and applications the choice of earthing to one point on each system is designed to prevent the passage of current through the earth under normal conditions, and thus to avoid the accompanying risks of electrolysis and. The tbb shall be sized at 2 kcmil per linear foot of conductor. The voltage and current on the other two phases are not affected. The question of how a system shall be earthed is governed by the regulation. The bonding and grounding system shall be compliant with the following references. Terradyne electrolytic grounding system provides longterm protection from lightning, electrical transients, static discharges, electromagnetic interference, and other electrical hazards. Frequencydependent grounding system calculation model is presented in this paper, taking into account the leakage current from conductors to the earth, a.